Understanding Brucellosis: Protecting Your Herd and Yourself

When it comes to livestock farming, some threats are loud and visible others creep in quietly, robbing farmers of productivity and endangering public health. Brucellosis belongs to the latter. It’s a silent bacterial disease that affects not only animals but also humans who come in close contact with them.

What is Brucellosis?

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by Brucella species, primarily affecting cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and even dogs. In animals, it leads to reproductive issues such as:

- Late-term abortions

- Infertility

- Stillbirths

- Retained placenta

- Decreased milk production

These effects take a significant toll on livestock productivity and farm income, making it both a veterinary and economic concern.

Brucellosis is Zoonotic: What Does That Mean?

A zoonotic disease is one that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Humans contract brucellosis through:

Consuming unpasteurized milk or cheese

- Direct contact with infected animal tissues, blood, urine, or aborted fetuses

- Inhalation of aerosols in contaminated environments

In humans, brucellosis causes undulant fever, joint and back pain, fatigue, night sweats, and long-term complications if left untreated. It often mimics other diseases, which is why it’s nicknamed “The Great Imitator.”

How to Prevent and Control Brucellosis.

1. Vaccinate Livestock:

Vaccination is a powerful tool in controlling brucellosis, especially in young female animals.

2. Intense Biosecurity Measures: 

Use gloves and protective clothing when handling animals, especially during birthing. Dispose of aborted materials properly.

3. Educate Farm Workers:

Awareness among herdsmen, farmers, and veterinary workers is key to reducing transmission.

4. Avoid Raw Dairy Products:

Only consume pasteurized milk and dairy to prevent human infection.

5. Test and Cull Infected Animals:

Regular herd testing and removal of infected animals is critical to prevent outbreaks.

In the era of One Health, where the connection between human, animal, and environmental health is central, brucellosis stands out as a prime example. Ignoring it means risking outbreaks not just in animals, but in rural and urban human populations.