Fowl Typhoid

When we hear the word "Typhoid," we usually think of a human illness caused by contaminated water. But in the poultry world, Fowl Typhoid is a completely different and much more serious threat that can wipe out a flock of healthy adult birds in a matter of days.

What Is Fowl Typhoid?

Fowl Typhoid is a severe bacterial disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum. Unlike many other diseases that only target young chicks, this one is particularly dangerous because it hits growing and adult birds, including layers and breeders.  

How Does It Spread?

Fowl Typhoid is a "master of disguise" because it spreads in several ways:

a) From Mother to Chick: An infected hen can pass the bacteria directly into her eggs.

b) Bird to Bird: It spreads quickly through contact with the droppings, feathers, or even the carcasses of infected birds.

c) The "Hidden" Carrier: This is the biggest risk. Some birds survive the sickness but keep the bacteria in their bodies. They look healthy but continue to spread the disease to every new bird you bring onto the farm.

Signs Your Birds Are At Risk

Because Fowl Typhoid attacks the blood and internal organs (like the liver), the signs are often very clear:

a) Pale Combs and Wattles: Just like malaria, this disease causes severe anemia.

b) Yellowish-Green Droppings: A classic sign that the bacteria are damaging the bird’s liver.

c) Intense Thirst: Birds will huddle near waterers because of high fever.

d) Dejection: Birds will stand alone with ruffled feathers and closed eyes.

e) Sudden Death: You may find your best-looking birds dead without any warning.

The "Bronze Liver"

In a laboratory or veterinary setting, the most famous sign of Fowl Typhoid is the appearance of the liver. The bacteria cause the liver to swell and turn a distinct metallic, greenish-bronze color.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Fowl Typhoid is diagnosed through blood tests (the Salmonellosis plate test) or by culturing the bacteria in a lab. While antibiotics can help reduce deaths during an outbreak, they often fail to kill the bacteria completely, leaving "carriers" in your flock.  

Prevention Tips 💡

- Strict Biosecurity: This is your number 1  defense. Limit visitors and use footbaths at the entrance of your pens to kill bacteria on shoes.

- Vaccination: Talk to your vet about the 9R vaccine. It is a very effective way to build immunity in your birds before the disease strikes.

- Clean Water & Feed: Always source your feed from reputable mills and ensure your water is treated and clean.

- Test and Protect: If you are buying adult birds, quarantine them for at least 2 weeks and test them before adding them to your main flock.

Why It Matters?

Fowl Typhoid doesn't just kill birds; it kills profits. Because it lingers in "carrier" birds, it can haunt a farm for years if not managed correctly.